INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect Speech is the spoken sentence to report the words of the speaker to others. Thus, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) is used when we want to report someone to the words of others indirectly.

How to change direct to indirect speech:

1.        To be & Auxiliary Verbs

Direct                                       Indirect

Am/is/are                    -             was/were

Shall/will                     -             should/would

Can                             -             could

May                            -             might

Must                          

Have/has to                 -             had to

Ought to

2.        Time & Place

Direct                                       Indirect

now                                 -           then

tomorrow                         -           the following day

next week                        -           the following week

tonight                             -           that night

today                               -           that day

yesterday                         -           the day before

last night                          -           the night before

last week                         -           the week before,

                                                    the precious week

here                                  -           there

this                                   -           that

these                                -           those

3.        Tenses

Direct                                       Indirect

A.Simple present                   -        simple past

B.Present perfect                 -        past perfect

C.Present continous              -        past continous

D.Present perfect continous  -        past perfect continous

E.Simple future                      -        past future

 In the Indirect Statement we use words (that) as a liaison between the introductory sentence and the words being reported (reported words). The introductory sentences in indirect statement is:

He said

He said to me                    that + reported words

He told me

Example A.

a. Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”

b.Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.

a.He told me, “I go to work everyday.”

b.He told me that he went to work everyday

Example B 

a. Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”

b. Father said that he was going out of town the following day.

a. They told me. “We have bought a car”.

b. They told me that they had bought a car

 Example C.

a. Mary told John “my father warned me last night”

b. Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before.

a. She told me, “I am playing music now”.

b. She told me that she was playing music then

 Example D.

a.  My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”

b. My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.

 Example E.

a. Tom said “I didn’t go to school this morning”

b. Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning.

a. He told me, “I will go to university next year”.

b. He told me that he would go to university the following year

 In the introductory sentence in the form of Simple Present Tense, then the reported sentence unchanged.

– John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”

- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow

-   Mary says “I have seen that film”

-   Mary says that she has seen that film.

 Command : (commands), for example an ordered, commanded, etc which means told, ordered.

 -He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”
- He ordered his servant to go away at once

- Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane”

- Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.

- Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say”

- Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says.

   Request : (the petition), for example, asked which means asking, begging.

-He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”
-He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil
-He said to his servant,”Go away at once”.
-He ordered his servant to go away at once.

QUESTION

When questions directly (direct question) use words like tanya; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, etc., then the words are used as liaison in reported Speech. The question that is reported to be a form of positive berubaha. The introductory sentence is:

Positive Form

He asked me where

When etc.

– The man asked me: "Where do you live?"

-The man asked me where I was short-lived.

-John asked Mary: "Why do you get angry with me?"

-John asked Mary why she got angry with him.

When in question directly carries with Yes and No answers, then we use the word but as a liaison to answer No and words and as a liaison to answer Yes.

-He asked me: "Will you go out wiith me?" No, I won't.

-He asked me if I would go out with him but I said I wouldn't.

-Mother asked John: "Have you had lunch?" No, I haven't.

-Mother asked John if he had had lunch but he said he hadn't.